Australian
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Teacher’s notes

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This clip shows a young Hasidic Jew, Yuri (Ewen Leslie), helping his grandmother, Minnie (Naomi Wilson), in the kitchen as she finishes preparing food. There is a serial number on Minnie’s inner forearm, which would have been tattooed on her in a concentration camp in the Second World War (1939–45). At the synagogue Yuri is distracted by a young woman, Rivka (Saskia Burmeister). After the service Yuri goes into the kitchen, where Rivka is making pastries. Yuri traces his fingers gently around hers, without touching them, but when he attempts to kiss her Rivka quickly moves away and reminds him he is sitting shiva for his father, who has died. Rivka asks Yuri to leave the kitchen as the old women watch.

Educational value points

• Jewboy is the story of a young Hasidic Jew and his struggle between sexual desire and the proscriptions of his faith. Hasidism, also known as Chasidism, is a branch of Judaism that was founded in the 18th century in Eastern Europe. Originally liberal in its religious prescriptions, it is now seen as ultra-orthodox within Judaism. Its religious laws are strict, and men and women outside marriage, or who are not close blood relatives, are forbidden to touch or to be alone together in a secluded area.

• A synagogue is much more than a church – it is the centre of a Jewish religious community where Jews pray, study and do charitable work, and it is the social centre of the community. The Hebrew term for synagogue is 'beit k’nesset’, which means 'house of assembly’. Hasidic and Orthodox Jews use the Yiddish word 'shul’, which comes from a German word meaning 'school’, while Conservative Jews use the word 'synagogue’ and Reform Jews use the word 'temple’. The term 'synagogue’ is acceptable to all groups.

• The death of a close relative in Judaism is marked by various traditions, more particularly by those who follow an orthodox or ultra-orthodox practice, including the expression of grief by tearing one’s clothing, a prompt burial followed by a meal of condolence for close family, and shiva, the period of mourning that lasts for 7 days. During shiva the mirrors in the house are covered and mourners do not wear leather shoes. They sit on low stools rather than chairs, do not shave or cut their hair or wear cosmetics, do not work and do not participate in activities deemed to be pleasurable.

• The tattoo on Yuri’s grandmother’s arm identifies her as a survivor of Auschwitz, one of the camps set up by the Nazis during the Second World War where Jews, as well as Poles, Gypsies, homosexuals and prisoners of war were methodically put to death in what the Nazis called the 'final solution’. The Nazis built concentration camps, forced labour camps, death camps, transit camps and prisoner-of-war camps across Eastern Europe to imprison those considered to be political dissidents, or socially or racially undesirable by the Nazi state. Auschwitz was the only death camp at which prisoners were systematically tattooed with numbers.

• The clip illustrates some of the rites and rituals of prayer for Hasidic men, such as rocking back and forth. Each man wears a large white rectangular garment, called a Tallit, and two Tefillin, which are small black boxes with black leather straps attached. The Tefillin are made from the rawhide of a kosher animal. One Tefillin is worn on the head and the other is tied around the arm seven times. The Teffilin on the head contains four handwritten verses from the Books of Exodus and Deuteronomy in the Old Testament.

• Everyday Hasidic clothing is distinctive, and there are variations within Hasidic groups, but modesty of dress is the standard. The basic wardrobe for men always includes a skull cap called a yarmulke or kippah, and a hat. Men wear all-black or muted-colour suits with white shirts and white fringed garments called tzitzit katan. They do not shave their beards. Women and girls wear long stockings, long sleeves and high-necked blouses, and after marriage women cover their hair in a variety of ways by wearing head scarves, snoods or hair nets or wigs. Some Hasidic women shave their heads on their wedding night.

• Kosher food is food that meets the requirements of Jewish law, which includes prescriptions about the type of animals that can be eaten and the way in which these animals must be killed. The animal’s blood must be drained out before the flesh is eaten and certain parts of the animal may not be eaten. Meat cannot be eaten with dairy foods, there must be separate cooking utensils for meat and dairy foods, cooking utensils must not come in contact with non-Kosher food while the food is hot, and grape products made by non-Jews may not be eaten. Some of these kosher laws are similar to Islamic Halal laws.

• Jewboy was written and directed by Tony Krawitz (1967–), who was born in Johannesburg, South Africa, and arrived in Australia in 1987. Krawitz graduated from the Australian Film, Television and Radio School in 2001. He has directed two short films, Into the Night (2002) and Unit#52, which was screened at Cannes Directors’ Fortnight in 2003, and an Australian television series, The Surgeon (2005). Jewboy was shown in the Un Certain Regard section at Cannes Film Festival in France in 2005.

Yuri helps his grandmother in the kitchen as she finishes preparing food.
Yuri Hey, Bubbe.
Minnie Yuri, come and help me to cover this.
He helps her cover a plate in cling wrap.
Minnie That’s it, stretch it right across. That’s it and make sure there’s no bubbles, alright? Good, that’s right. I’ll put it in the fridge. That’s it, good. You want (inaudible), Yuri?
Yuri Yeah.
Minnie I survive everything and everybody – for what? In the end everybody always leaves me.
Yuri Well, I’m here.
Yuri hugs his grandmother.

At the synagogue Yuri is distracted by the presence of a young woman, Rivka.

After the service Yuri goes into the kitchen, where Rivka is making pastries. He pours a glass of water, drinks, then puts it aside. Yuri traces his fingers gently around hers, without touching them.
Yuri You’ve got flour on your face. Do you want me to take it off?
Rivka Yuri, you’ve sitting shiva for your father.
Yuri tries to kiss Rivka, who backs away.
Rivka What are you doing?
Yuri Don’t pretend you didn’t want me to.
Rivka I think I want to cook on my own now.
Yuri Yeah, well you just had flour on your face.
Rivka Yeah?
He picks up his glass of water and exits as two old women in the kitchen look on with disapproval.