Australian
Screen

Teacher’s notes

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This clip shows Norman Hayes Jagamarra walking through the mullocks of the opal mines around Coober Pedy talking about how he and the old people used to search for opal, and how many ‘whitefellas are getting greedy’ and taking too much opal. The mined landscape is shown, including a working noodling machine. Jagamarra uses a stick to dig around in a mullock heap for opal. He narrates his story in Aboriginal English and the clip includes English subtitles and slow mournful music.

Educational value points

• The film and the soundtrack in the opening sequence of this clip invite the viewer to experience the country through Jagamarra’s eyes. The slow footage of a moonrise, of Jagamarra’s shadow on the earth as he walks along and the footage of him surveying the mined landscape combine with the pensive music to direct the viewer’s attention to the devastated nature of the country.

• The clip shows how the country around Coober Pedy, the traditional land of the Antakarinja and the Muntunjarra peoples, has been damaged by opal mining. The increased number of mining machines used for finding opals around Coober Pedy has had a devastating effect on the land, resulting in thousands of abandoned mine shafts. The waste material from the shafts form mullock heaps that resemble a lunar landscape.

• The clip shows the disadvantage experienced by the local Indigenous people since non-Indigenous miners introduced opal-mining machinery to Coober Pedy in the 1970s. The film alludes to this by showing Jagamarra digging around in the earth with a stick. He explains how the local people do not have access to noodling machines or bulldozers to gather opal and have relied mostly on working with picks and crowbars.

• Jagamarra indicates that he expects fair play to operate out on the mining claims and that he only wants his fair share of the opal. He claims that the excessive greed of the non-Indigenous miners is a problem as they have been taking more opal out of the ground and not leaving mullock heaps for the local Indigenous people to noodle through as they used to. Jagamarra mentions how the local people had earlier taken out formal mining claims to mine opal.

• In the film The Old Man and the Inland Sea, from which this clip is taken, Jagamarra speaks in Aboriginal English. As well as being integral to identity, Aboriginal English is an important form of communication for many Aboriginal people. Aboriginal English is a recognised dialect of English. Its form and structure incorporate words and language structures from English and from traditional Aboriginal languages.