Australian
Screen

Teacher’s notes

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This silent clip, from one of prime minister Robert Menzies’s home movies, shows scenes leading up to and during Queen Elizabeth II’s coronation ceremony on 2 June 1953. An intertitle introduces footage of the coach leaving Buckingham Palace. Princess Elizabeth enters Westminster Abbey followed by her ladies in waiting and proceeds down the aisle. Some aspects of the ritual are shown, filmed from above, including the Princess receiving the orb and being crowned. Prince Philip makes his obeisance and the Queen walks down the aisle at the end of the ceremony.

Educational value points

• The clip provides a detailed colour film record of what was in 1953 the biggest public and media event in British history. The BBC provided live coverage on radio and black-and-white television, with more than 20 million people watching the broadcast. An estimated 3 million people lined London’s streets to see the Queen in the state coach on her way to Westminster Abbey, where 8,251 guests attended.

• A significant aspect of this clip is that it was made by a serving Australian prime minister, Robert Menzies (1894–1978), who filmed many of his experiences as prime minister after 1941 when he was given a 35-mm movie camera as a gift. He used expensive Kodachrome colour film, which was rarely used for home movies at the time. In contrast to the clip, the television images that the public associates with the coronation ceremony are in black and white.

• The rituals shown here are among the most important of the British coronation investiture, a ceremony dating back more than 900 years. The ceremony marks the investment of the monarch with regal power. The Princess is dressed in a robe of gold and presented with symbols of office including the orb – a Christian symbol of authority, the sceptre – a symbol of monarchical authority, and the rod of equity and mercy. Finally, the crown is placed on her head.

• Menzies’s home movie of the coronation reveals that the camera was allowed a privileged position and the variety of vantage points suggests that it was shot by more than one person. The clip includes footage shot from a high position towards the front and at the rear of the Abbey. Other shots taken above the heads of the guests, very close to the Queen and alongside the altar, also suggest the privileged vantage point of the filmmaker.

• Like all others, the Duke of Edinburgh, the Queen’s husband, was required to pay homage to his monarch and is shown removing his coronet and kneeling down before her. He then pronounces the words of homage, touches her crown and kisses her cheek. All the other dukes and members of the nobility were also required to pay homage, formally indicating their submission and loyalty to their sovereign.

• Robert Menzies was invited to the coronation ceremony as one of the Commonwealth prime ministers but he also had a deep personal regard for the Queen. He first met her before the Second World War when she was a young princess. Their relationship was to be cemented in 1954 during her tour of Australia. During her 1963 visit to Australia she conferred a personal knighthood upon him.