Australian
Screen

Teacher’s notes

provided by

This clip shows Jeannie Gunn (Angela Punch McGregor) and her husband Aeneas (Arthur Dignam) sitting under the stars with two stockmen (John Jarratt and Martin Vaughan) and an Aboriginal man they refer to as Goggle Eye (Donald Blintner), who sits at a distance from them as they engage in a discussion about the origin of the stars, ownership of the land, and the right of Aboriginal peoples to hunt on the land. When asked to explain the origin of the stars Goggle Eye tells his Dreaming of their creation and then asks about the origin of ‘white fella stars’. Jeannie says that God made all the stars, but later adds with more respect than shown by the non-Indigenous men that she wants to learn from Aboriginal people.

Educational value points

• The clip reveals the gulf between the cultural beliefs of the Gunns and the stockmen and those of Goggle Eye, the Aboriginal tracker, in the discussion of the creation of the world and in the differing ideas about the land. The gulf is represented physically through the separate camp fires and by the way Goggle Eye faces towards the bush and the night sky. It is then further illustrated when Jeannie Gunn rejects Goggle Eye’s Dreaming and insists on the Christian viewpoint that ‘God made everything’ as the only legitimate belief.

• Goggle Eye’s question – ‘if white fella god made everything, why didn’t he make white fellas some bush of their own?’ – reveals the profound differences of attitude and belief around the concept of land ownership between Europeans and Indigenous people. Aboriginal people’s connection to country is illustrated when Goggle Eye knows exactly where the people they are pursuing are headed; he says they are going to their country. This is in contrast with the Western concept of land ownership, in which individuals use the land primarily for economic benefit. One of the stockmen says that where they are heading is still within the boundary of Elsey station.

• Goggle Eye sits at his fire and looks outward as he tells his Dreaming story about the creation of the moon and stars. Stories such as this one explain how the world was created and why places have particular significance.

• Goggle Eye’s question to Jeannie about where the ‘white fella stars come from’ reveals certitude in his cosmology, but also suggests his preparedness to listen to another person’s viewpoint. His openness to the possibility of another belief system may also be suggested when he questions (albeit perhaps ironically) why the ‘white fella god’ did not make ‘white fella some bush of their own’.

• When one of the stockmen says that the country was ‘empty’ when he first came to it Jeannie challenges his view by rightfully pointing out that Aboriginal people were already there when he arrived. He acknowledges this, but dismisses any rights of Indigenous people to the land, saying he sees no visible signs of the Indigenous peoples working the land as he would.

• The language used by the stockmen in the clip illustrates the racist attitudes common at the beginning of the 20th century. The stockman refers to Goggle Eye and Indigenous Australians as ‘ignorant heathens’ because they are not Christians and dismisses them with the words ‘you can’t teach them anything’ without questioning why Indigenous people might not want to accept such ‘teaching’. The use of the name ‘Goggle Eye’ itself is offensive.

• Jeannie Gunn (1870-1961) wrote We of the Never Never as a fictionalised account of her time on Elsey Station in the Northern Territory. Born in Carlton, Melbourne, she worked as a teacher before she married Aeneas Gunn in 1901. The next year they travelled to Elsey Station, 483 km south of Darwin. When Aeneas died in 1903, Jeannie returned to Melbourne and wrote The Little Black Princess, published in 1905, and We of the Never Never, published in 1908.