Australian
Screen

Teacher’s notes

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This clip shows a montage of Damien Parer’s footage, accompanied by a voice-over narration, describing his experiences as an official cinematographer for the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) in the Second World War. The montage includes footage of Australian troops in the streets of Cairo, training in Egypt, and in combat in North Africa and the Middle East. The narrator explains Parer’s decision that in order to truly convey the soldiers’ experience to audiences at home, he would have to go with them into battle. The clip includes dramatic music and sound effects.

Educational value points

• In this clip, footage shot by Damien Parer is used to document his work as an official cameraman in the Second World War. Parer (1912–44) was employed as a cinematographer and stills photographer in the Cinematographic and Photographic Unit of the Commonwealth Department of Information (DOI). This unit was set up in 1940 to control newsreel coverage of the Second World War (1939–45) and manage propaganda for the war effort at home.

• In 1940 Parer sailed with the 6th Division of the AIF to the Middle East where he made his reputation as a cinematographer, as exemplified by the footage in the clip. Parer’s work was typified by a focus on the everyday lives of soldiers at the front. Parer felt that his individual and group portraits of soldiers conveyed as much about the War as action sequences, which if seen alone would convey an incomplete impression of the War.

• The montage shows the range of wartime situations Parer shot in the Middle East in 1941 for the DOI. Parer’s footage of soldiers in Cairo enjoying social interactions with local people, his dramatic footage of infantry training in the Egyptian desert, and close-up footage of combat at Derna in Libya illustrate the kind of stories prepared for those at home. The film units provided one of the few sources of information for Australian audiences about Australian troops during the War.

• The clip includes footage filmed by Parer that was to be a turning point in his approach to documenting the War. His filming of Australian infantry advancing under fire at Derna in January 1941 convinced Parer that the only way to convey the human face of war was to film on the frontline. He told Cinesound director Ken G Hall that he wanted to capture the look in the soldier’s eye as he goes into battle, perhaps not to return.

• Parer’s desire to produce images of war that were not just propaganda but revealed the human condition is evident in this early footage. He often risked his life to capture these moments in war and in 1944 he was killed while filming action between Japanese and American forces on the Pacific island of Peleliu.

• Footage such as Parer’s in the clip was produced by the DOI film unit and given to the newsreel companies Cinesound and Movietone. The footage was then shown in newsreels for cinema audiences. However it was first vetted to emphasise Australian victories or to show inspiring stories of courage and thus boost morale on the home front. By controlling the content of newsreels the DOI maximised their propaganda potential to unite the population behind the War.