Australian Screen

Teacher’s notes

provided by

This clip shows Neil Davis talking about his experiences as an Australian combat cameraman reporting on the Vietnam War. The clip opens with Davis describing the execution of a suspected Vietcong guerilla in the streets of Saigon by the South Vietnamese police general Nguyen Ngoc Loan. Archival footage of some of the civilian victims of the War is presented as Davis’s voice-over explains the background to the execution. South Vietnamese troops are shown taking the suspected Vietcong guerilla to the police chief.

Educational value points

• The Vietnam conflict (1954-75) stemmed from the war for Vietnamese independence from the colonial French, and then from 1959 became a civil war between communist-led North Vietnam and South Vietnam, supported by some democratic countries. The USA became involved in the Vietnam War in a bid to 'contain’ communism in South-East Asia and because it saw the defence of South Vietnam as a crucial part of the Cold War.

• Opposition to the Vietnam War was strengthened when the US and Australian public saw the shocking image of the execution of a Vietcong guerilla by South Vietnamese police general Nguyen Ngoc Loan in a Saigon street. It was captured by a National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) war photographer, Eddie Adams, and would become one of the most famous images of the War.

• Media coverage of the Vietnam War brought the horror of the War into the living rooms of the USA and Australia, turning the public against it. Media coverage was unrestricted and despite the fact that the US and Australian governments did not want the public to see the reality of war, the television networks decided what they would broadcast. The Vietnam War was dubbed the 'television war’.

• More civilians die in war than do armed combatants and the murder of the police officer’s wife and children reported in this clip is a tragic example of the effects of war on the civilian population. In 1995 the Vietnamese Government released its official estimate of war dead – 2 million civilians in South Vietnam, 2 million civilians in North Vietnam and 1.1 million North Vietnamese and Vietcong soldiers.

• Neil Davis (1934-85) was one of Australia’s most respected combat cameramen, filming and reporting on the Vietnam War over the period 1964-75. In 1975 he filmed North Vietnamese troops taking the Presidential Palace in Saigon, the symbol of US defeat. His coverage of the Vietnam War was unusual in that he chose to film the War from a South Vietnamese rather than a US perspective.

• This clip shows a young man with bare feet and in civilian clothes suspected of being a Vietcong fighter. 'The Vietcong’ was the name of the guerilla force that fought with the North Vietnamese Army against South Vietnam from the late 1950s to 1975. Personnel were mostly recruited in South Vietnam and received military aid and training from the North Vietnamese Army, but lived and operated in the cities and countryside of South Vietnam.

• The South Vietnamese Army, known as the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), fought against the North Vietnamese Army and the Vietcong during the Vietnam War from 1956 until the fall of Saigon in 1975. The South Vietnamese troops bore the brunt of the conflict and once US support was withdrawn the ARVN did not have the supplies to sustain a defence of South Vietnam.

• The Australian Government, which was also concerned about the spread of communism in the region due to what was known as the 'domino theory’, decided to join the USA in support of the South Vietnamese. By the late 1960s the War had become increasingly unpopular and the USA and Australia, after having to concede a humiliating defeat, finally withdrew their troops in 1973. North Vietnam overcame the South in 1975 and Vietnam was reunited in 1976.

• Being a war correspondent is one of the most dangerous jobs in journalism. To obtain the required written accounts, images and film footage the correspondent has to be in the war zone and is therefore vulnerable to stray bullets, bombs and artillery fire. Neil Davis, featured in this clip, was regarded as one of the bravest war correspondents during the Vietnam War because he worked at the extreme front-line, filming the South Vietnamese Army and on several occasions the enemy, the Vietcong, in battle.